Semaglutide belongs to a class of medications known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or GLP-1 RAs. It mimics the GLP-1 hormone, released in the gut in response to eating. The Semaglutide injection works by slowing down how quickly food leaves your stomach and allows you to feel full for a longer period of time. By reducing hunger, lowering your appetite and increasing feelings of fullness, it will reduce your calorie intake and allow you to lose weight, 1-2 pounds a week.
Tirzepatide is a novel medication that is FDA approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given its potent weight loss properties, tirzepatide be used off-label for obesity treatment. It works as a dual GLP-1 agonist and GIP agonist to maximize similar benefits that are seen with GLP-1 medications such as semaglutide. It is currently implemented as a second-line diabetes medication, similar to GLP-1 medications, and given as a once-a-week subcutaneous injectable.
Liraglutide, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, and chronic obesity. It is a second line therapy for diabetes following first-line therapy with metformin. Its effects on long-term health outcomes like heart disease and life expectancy are unclear. It is given by injection under the skin.
Retatrutide is an agonist of the glucose-dependent insulin otropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon receptors. As can be expected, such a significant reduction in body weight in overweight and obese people also resulted in an improvement in blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose parameters.
Most of the peptides, if not all, work via a common mechanism of action. They increase the release of Growth Hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, which leads to systemic effects. This is primarily seen in peptides used explicitly for muscle growth and endurance.
As far as weight loss peptides are concerned, it gets pretty interesting!
Some of these peptides work by increasing growth hormone levels. The growth hormone, in turn, targets specific sites like adipocytes and hepatocytes, causing raised cellular metabolism and fat burning.
Besides this, most peptides also work by rapidly increasing the process of lipolysis and simultaneously inhibiting excess lipogenesis from occurring. This leads to a net loss of fat.
A few peptides also work by regulating hormones responsible for glycemic control, like insulin and glucagon. With more insulin, glucose is transported inside the cells for energy expenditure. This subsequently aids in further weight loss. 
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